Showing posts with label Lights. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Lights. Show all posts
Friday, October 24, 2014
Traffic Lights Circuit
The circuit of traffic lights in my opinion is a series of easy-hard-easy to make.
Where we are required to be able to condition the flame of three lamps by following the existing traffic regulations. If we use computer programming as a regulator of the third condition of the lights probably we will not spend too much time to make it. As an example with microcontroller programming or programming-based computer applications such as Visual Basic, Delphi and many others. But if you use a common electronic circuit components used may be somewhat time consuming to get the results you are fully in accordance with the conditions of traffic lights that use the streets.
Well ... if youre looking for examples of a series of simple traffic light above the range can I recommend to you. The working principle of a series of traffic light above is very easy to understand. The series of above use the output from IC up / down counter 74 190 as the producer output tercacah and then conditioned using logic gates so that the logic in accordance with the logic of the actual traffic light. Actually you can also use the IC counter ups as pencacahnya. Red lights are represented by the LED D1, D2 and yellow by green led by led D3.
LIST OF COMPONENTS:
Resistors: R1 (1 Kohm), R2, R3 and R4 (220 ohms) and VR1 (Potensio 10 K / 15 K)
Capacitors: C1 (100 UF)
Led: D1 (red), D2 (yellow) and D3 (green).
Integrated Circuit: IC1 (NE 555), IC2 (74LS190) and IC3 (74LS02)
HOW TO WORK AND ANALYSIS OF CIRCUIT LIGHT TRAFFIC:
To generate the signal used peggerak counter circuit astable circuit IC555.
R1, C1 and VR1 is a combination astable as a determinant of the speed of the clock signal to be inserted to the input counter and in the end will determine the length of time the flame of their lamps. The greater the value of the three clock cycles will stay longer and vice versa.
To obtain a combination of LEDs required only 2 bits output from the counter circuit.
Bit-3 from the output to the counter only be used as reset the enumeration.
The lamp was first lit the light yellow color, due to connect with the output Q1 of counter IC. Then followed by a red lamp that is connected to the output Q2. Then both (yellow and red) light simultaneously. The last green light will turn on its own.
The series of bit counter counts up with the sequence:
- 0 1 (light yellow light)
- 1 0 (red light)
- 1 1 (light yellow and red lights)
- 0 0 (light turned green, according to the nature of the gate NOR)
Examples of traffic light sequence apply only to one lane for traffic light circuit that uses more than one line then you can use the same circuit device and use a combination of gates as a liaison between the conditions of each lane. This means you should make a longer red light is illuminated on each other point for point which it operates. These conditions can be achieved by utilizing a combination of logic gates in a chain.
Wednesday, October 22, 2014
Car Interior Lights Delay
Most cars do not have delayed interior lights. The circuit presented can put this right. It switches the interior lights of a car on and off gradually. This makes it a lot easier, for instance, to find the ignition keyhole when the lights have gone off after the car door has been closed. Since the circuit must be operated by the door switch, a slight intervention in the wiring of this switch is unavoidable. When the car door is opened, the door switch closes the lights circuit to earth. When the door is closed (and the switch is open), transistor T1, whose base is linked to the switch, cuts off T2, so that the interior light remains off. When the switch closes (when the door is opened), the base of T1 is at earth level and the transistor is off.
Circuit diagram:
Circuit diagram:
Capacitor C1 is charged fairly rapidly via R3 and D1, whereupon T2 comes on so that the interior light is switched on. When the door is closed again, T1 conducts and stops the charging of C1. However, the capacitor is discharged fairly slowly via R5, so that T2 is not turned off immediately. This ensures that the interior light remains on for a little while and then goes out slowly. The time delays may be varied quite substantially by altering the values of R3, R5, and C1. Circuit IC2 may be one of many types of n-channel power MOSFET, but it should be able to handle drain-source voltages greater than 50 V. In the proto-type, a BUZ74 is used which can handle D-S voltages of up to 500 V.
Thursday, October 16, 2014
How to Lights Control for Model Cars
The author gave his partner a radio controlled (RC) model car as a gif t. She found it a lot of fun, but thought that adding realistic lights would be a definite improvement. So the author went back to his shed, plugged in his soldering iron, and set to work equipping the car with realistic indicators, headlights, tail lights and brake lights.
Lights Control for Model Cars Circuit Diagram
The basic idea was to tap into the signal from the radio control receiver and, with a bit of help from a microcontroller, simulate indicators using flashing yellow LEDs and brake lights using red LEDs. Further red LEDs are used for the tail lights, and white LEDs for the headlights. Connectors JP4 and JP5 (channel 0) are wired in parallel, as are JP6 and JP7 (channel 1), allowing the circuit to be inserted into the servo control cables for the steering and drive motor respectively. The ATtiny45 micro-controller takes power from the radio receiver via diode D1. T1 and T2 buffer the servo signals to protect IC1’s inputs from damage.
IC1 analyses the PWM servo signals and gen-erates suitable outputs to switch the LEDs via the driver transistors. T3 drives the two left indicators (yellow), T4 the two right indica-tors, and T5 the brake LEDs (red). The red tail lights (JP2-8 and JP2-8) and the white head-lights (JP2-9 and JP2-10) are lit continuously. The brake lights are driven with a full 20 mA, so that they are noticeably brighter than the tail lights, which only receive 5 mA. If you wish to combine the functions of tail light and brake light, saving t wo red LEDs, sim-ply connect pin 10 of JP2 to pin 14 and pin 12 to pin 16. Then connect the two combined brake/tail LEDs either at JP2-5 and JP2-6 or at JP2-7 and JP2-8.
JP3 is provided to allow the use of a separate lighting supply. This can either be connected to an additional four-cell battery pack or to the main supply for the drive motor. The val-ues given for resistors R8 to R17 are suitable for use with a 4.8 V supply. JP2 can take the form of a 2x10 header.
As usual the sof t ware is available as a free download from the Elektor web pages accom-panying this article[1], and ready-programmed microcontrollers are also available. The microcontroller must be taught what servo signals correspond to left and right turns, and to full throttle and full braking. First connect the fin-ished circuit to the radio control electronics in the car, making sure everything is switched of f. Fit jumper JP1 to enable configuration mode, switch on the radio control transmit-ter, set all proportional controls to their cen-tre positions, and then switch on the receiver. The indicator LEDs should first flash on both sides. Then the car will indicate left for 3 s: during this time quickly turn the steering on the radio control transmitter fully to the left and the throt tle to full reverse (maximum braking).
Hold the controls in this position until the car starts to indicate right. Then set the controls to their opposite extremes and hold them there until both sides flash again. Now, if the car has an internal combustion engine (and so cannot go in reverse), keep the throttle control on full; if the car has an electric motor, set the throttle to full reverse. Hold this position while both sides are flashing.
JP3 is provided to allow the use of a separate lighting supply. This can either be connected to an additional four-cell battery pack or to the main supply for the drive motor. The val-ues given for resistors R8 to R17 are suitable for use with a 4.8 V supply. JP2 can take the form of a 2x10 header.
As usual the sof t ware is available as a free download from the Elektor web pages accom-panying this article[1], and ready-programmed microcontrollers are also available. The microcontroller must be taught what servo signals correspond to left and right turns, and to full throttle and full braking. First connect the fin-ished circuit to the radio control electronics in the car, making sure everything is switched of f. Fit jumper JP1 to enable configuration mode, switch on the radio control transmit-ter, set all proportional controls to their cen-tre positions, and then switch on the receiver. The indicator LEDs should first flash on both sides. Then the car will indicate left for 3 s: during this time quickly turn the steering on the radio control transmitter fully to the left and the throt tle to full reverse (maximum braking).
Hold the controls in this position until the car starts to indicate right. Then set the controls to their opposite extremes and hold them there until both sides flash again. Now, if the car has an internal combustion engine (and so cannot go in reverse), keep the throttle control on full; if the car has an electric motor, set the throttle to full reverse. Hold this position while both sides are flashing.
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