Showing posts with label water. Show all posts
Showing posts with label water. Show all posts

Thursday, October 23, 2014

Water Level Indicator Circuit

Simple, two-wire, remote monitoring unit, Three-LED level display, 9V battery powered
The whole project was developed on a friends request. Its purpose was to remotely monitor the water-level in a metal tank located in the attic by means of a very simple control unit placed in the kitchen, some floors below.

Mains requirements were:
  1. No separate supply for the remote circuit
  2. Main and remote units connected by a thin two-wire cable
  3. Simple LED display for the main unit
  4. Battery operation to avoid problems related to mains supply and water proximity
  5. As the circuit was battery operated a low current consumption was obviously welcomed
The very small remote unit is placed near the tank and measures the water level in three ranges by means of two steel rods. Each range will cover one third of the tank capacity:
  • Almost empty - signaled by means of a red LED (D3) in the control unit display
  • About half-level - signaled by means of a yellow LED (D2) in the control unit display
  • Almost full - signaled by means of a green LED (D1) in the control unit displa
Circuit diagram:
Water Level Indicator Circuit Diagram
Water-level Indicator Circuit Diagram
Circuit operation:
When the water-level is below the steel rods, no contact is occurring from the metal can and the rods, which are supported by a small insulated (wooden) board. The small circuit built around IC1 draws no current and therefore no voltage drop is generated across R5. IC2A, IC2B and Q1 are wired as a window comparator and, as there is zero voltage at input pins #2 and #5, D3 will illuminate. When the water comes in contact with the first rod, pin #13 of IC1 will go high, as its input pins #9 to #12 were shorted to negative by means of the water contact. Therefore, R4 will be connected across the full supply voltage and the remote circuit will draw a current of about 9mA. 

This current will cause a voltage drop of about 0.9V across R5 and the window comparator will detect this voltage and will change its state, switching off D3 and illuminating D2. When the water will reach the second rod, also pin #1 of IC1 will go high for the same reason explained above. Now either R3 and R4 will be connected across the full supply voltage and the total current drawing of the remote circuit will be about 18mA. The voltage drop across R5 will be now about 1.8V and the window comparator will switch off D2 and will drive D1. The battery will last very long because the circuit will be mostly in the off state. Current is needed only for a few seconds when P1 is pushed to check the water-level and one of the LEDs illuminates.
Parts:
R1 = 15K 1/4W Resistors
R2 = 15K 1/4W Resistors
R3 = 1K 1/4W Resistors
R4 = 1K 1/4W Resistors
R5 = 100R 1/4W Resistor
R6 = 47K 1/4W Resistor
R7 = 3.3K 1/4W Resistors
R8 = 3.3K 1/4W Resistors
R9 = 2.7K 1/4W Resistors
R10 = 15K 1/4W Resistors
R12 = 15K 1/4W Resistors
R13 = 3.3K 1/4W Resistors
R14 = 2.7K 1/4W Resistors
R15 = 2.7K 1/4W Resistors
D1 = 3mm Green LED
D2 = 3mm Yellow LED
D3 = 3mm Red LED
C1 = 470nF 63V Polyester or Ceramic Capacitor
J1 = Two ways output sockets
J2 = Two ways output sockets
P1 = SPST pushbutton
B1 = 9V PP3 Battery
Q1 = BC547 45V 100mA NPN Transistor
IC1 = 4012 Dual 4 input NAND gate IC
IC2 = LM393 Dual Comparator IC
Two steel rods of appropriate length
Notes:
  • The two steel rods must be supported by a small insulated (wooden) board
  • IC1 and R1-R4 are mounted on a small board placed near or on the steel rods support
  • The two-wire cable connecting the remote circuit board to the main control board, i.e. J1 to J2, can be of any size and type (preferably thin for obvious reasons). It can be very long, if necessary.
  • The circuit can be used also with non-metal tanks, provided a third steel rod having the height of the tank will be added and connected to pin #7 of IC1, R3, R4 and J1.
  • The 4012 chip was chosen because it contains two gates and was at hand, but you can use two of the gates contained into 4001, 4011, 4093, 4049, 4069 etc. chips, provided all inputs of each gate are tied together and all inputs of unused gates are connected to the positive rail, leaving output pins open.


http://www.ecircuitslab.com/2011/07/water-level-indicator-circuit.html
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Thursday, October 16, 2014

Simple Automatic Water Pump Controller Circuit Diagram

Simple Automatic Water Pump Controller Circuit Diagram is a series of functions to control the Automatic Water Pump Controller Circuit in a reservoir or water storage. As the water level sensor made with a metal plate mounted on the reservoir or water tank, with a sensor in the short to create the top level and a detection sensor for detecting long again made the lower level and ground lines connected to the bottom of reservoirs or reservoir. 

The series of automatic water pump controller is designed with 2 inputs NOR by 4 pieces and relay that is activated by the transistor. Automatic water pump circuit requires +12 VDC voltage source and can be used to control the water pump is connected to AC power . Here is the complete series of pictures.

Automatic Water Pump Controller Circuit Diagram




working principle series of automatic water pump controller above is. At the time the water level is below both sensors, the output IC1C (pin 10) will be LOW, Kemudin when the water began to touch the lower level sensor, the output IC1C (pin10) remains LOW until the water touches the sensor level above, then the output IC1C (pin 10) going HIGH and active relay through Q1 and turn on the water pump to meguras reservoir. 

At the muli down and water level sensors for water untouched MKA IC1C output (pin 10) remains HIGH until the new water untouched semuasensor IC1C output (pin 10) LOW and water pump died. The series of automatic water pump controller is equipped with SW1 which serves to reverse the logic of drains (the output of IC1C) and the concept of water supplied (output dri IC1D). 

When SW1 is connected to IC1D the water pump will turn on when the water does not touch all the sensors and will die when all the sensors tesentuh water. Automatic water pump controller can be used to fill or drain the water according to which mode is selected via SW1.

List Component Automatic Water Pump Controller
R1 = 15K
R2 = 15K
R3 = 10K
R4 = 1K
D1 = LED
D2 = 1N4148
Q1 = BC337
IC1 = 4001
SW = SPDT Switches
Relay RL1 = 12V

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Saturday, October 4, 2014

IC 555 based on water Activated Alarm

IC
This water activated alarm circuit uses a NE555 timer wired as an astable oscillator and powered by the emitter current of transistor BC109C. In dry conditions, the transistor having no bias current and be completely off. As the probe gets wet, a small current flowing between the base and the emitter and the transistor turns on. A higher current flow in the collector circuit allows the IC NE555 osillator sound.

Probe / contacts may use a nonreactive metal. Contacts gold plated or silver age relay can be used, however, a cheaper alternative is the thread of alternate strips of copper a piece of veroboard. These will eventually oxidize over but as very little current flowing in the base circuit, the higher the impedance caused by oxidation is not important. No base resistor is necessary as the transistor is in emitter follower, current limit is the impedance at the emitter (the oscillator circuit)
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